STM32——HAL库开发笔记22（定时器3—呼吸灯实验）（参考来源：b站铁头山羊）

本文利用前几节所学知识来实现一个呼吸灯实验：两颗led灯交替呼吸。

一、STM32CubeMX配置

step1：配置调试接口

step2：配置定时器

定时器1位于APB2总线上，如上图所示。

step3：配置时基单元

按照下图配置

时钟来源配置为内部RCC

预分频器PSC设置为7

自动重装寄存器ARR设置为999

计数方向CNT设置为上计数

重复计数器RCR设置为0

为了防止寄存器跑飞，我们使能ARR寄存器的预加载

设置完成后定时器CNT的值就会从0增加到999，而且发送一次溢出，周期为1ms

step4：输出PWM

使用定时器1的通道1向外输出PWM

Channel1参数说明：

先回顾一下上一节的八种输出比较的模式

最后是No Outout : 两种输出都禁止

CHx :只使能正常输出

CHxN ：只使能互补输出

CHx CHxN ：两种输出都使能

我们选择两种输出都使能

step5：连接电路图

step6：设置CH1的PWM参数

step7：生成代码

step8：

step9：

step10：

二、编程接口

HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim ,uint32_t Channel)

作用 ：启动PWM的正常输出

HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_TIMEx_PWMN_Start(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim ,uint32_t Channel)


作用 ：启动PWM的互补输出

参数说明：htim  填写定时器句柄
 
         Channel ：填写通道编号                 TIM_CHANNEL_1 - 通道1
                                               TIM_CHANNEL_2 - 通道2
                                               TIM_CHANNEL_3 - 通道3
                                               TIM_CHANNEL_4 - 通道4

__HAL_TIM_GET_PRESCALER(__HANDLE__)                //读PSC

__HAL_TIM_SET_PRESCALER(__HANDLE__ , __VAL__)                //写PSC

___________________________________________________________________________________________

__HAL_TIM_GET_COUBTER(__HANDLE__)                //读CNT

__HAL_TIM_SET_COUNTER(__HANDLE__ , __VAL__)                //写CNT

___________________________________________________________________________________________

__HAL_TIM_GET_AUTORELOAD(__HANDLE__)                //读ARR

__HAL_TIM_SET_AUTORELOAD(__HANDLE__ , __VAL__)                //写ARR

———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

__HAL_TIM_GET_COMPARE(__HANDLE__)                //读CCR

__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(__HANDLE__ , __VAL__)                //写CCR

三、编程思路

公式：占空比 = 0.5sin(2Πt + 0.5)

先启动 通道1的正常输出
再启动通道1 的互补输出

在while循环里面根据公式修改PWM的占空比        PWM的周期 = ARR+1

占空比 = 高电压所占时间 / 总时间 = CCR / ARR+1

在while循环里面：

先获取当前时间

计算占空比

获取ARR寄存器的值

计算CCR寄存器的值

将结果写入CCR

四、代码

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"
#include "math.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_TIM1_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
	
HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim1 , TIM_CHANNEL_1);  //启动正常输出

HAL_TIMEx_PWMN_Start(&htim1 , TIM_CHANNEL_1);  //启动互补输出

  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
		
		float t = HAL_GetTick()* 0.01 ;// 获取当前时间
		
		float duty = 0.5 * sin(2 * 3.14 * t) + 0.5 ; // 计算占空比
		
		uint16_t arr = __HAL_TIM_GET_AUTORELOAD(&htim1);  //获取ARR寄存器的值
		
		uint16_t ccr =duty * (arr + 1);        //计算CCR寄存器的值
		
		__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1 , TIM_CHANNEL_1 , ccr);   //将计算结果写入CCR
		
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

最后将代码下载编译即可看到两颗LED灯交替闪烁。